Synephrine hydrochloride
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Chemical Product Description & Applications
Synephrine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of synephrine, a phenylethanolamine alkaloid associated with bitter orange. It serves as an adrenergic test compound in receptor and physiological-response research and as a defined chemical analyte in studies of synephrine-containing materials. The salt form provides a protonated amine, distinguishing it from the corresponding free base.
The selected material is the isolated hydrochloride rather than a botanical extract containing multiple alkaloids. This defined identity supports experiments in which the amount of synephrine must be separated from contributions by other extract components. Adrenergic effects depend on receptor subtype, test system and stereochemical composition, so the material is described by its chemical identity without assuming a particular enantiomer or promising a nutritional effect.
Typical Applications
- Adrenergic-receptor research: Used as a test compound in receptor assays and cellular or tissue models to investigate adrenergic responses attributable to synephrine rather than to a whole botanical extract.
- Botanical alkaloid analysis: Used as an identified synephrine-containing material during chromatographic method development for bitter-orange extracts and related mixtures, helping establish analyte retention and distinguish it from accompanying alkaloids.
Specifications
| Parameter | Specification | Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Solid; color consistent with the reference sample | Visual inspection |
| Identification | Consistent with authenticated reference | FTIR fingerprint comparison |
| Chromatographic purity | ≥98.0 area% | HPLC with suitable UV or CAD detection |
| Total organic impurities | ≤2.0 area% | HPLC, area normalization |
| Largest individual impurity | ≤1.0 area% | HPLC, area normalization |
| Water | ≤1.0% w/w | Karl Fischer titration |
Specifications describe the standard grade. Tolerance, test method and documentation package are confirmed per order.
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